Culture & Traditions of Iban

Overview
Theyare the dominant tribal group in Sarawak as almost one-third of the population are Ibans. Due to their history as pirates and fishermen, they are also known as the “Sea Dayaks”. The physical appearance of Iban culture may look fearful, but they are actually very friendly and hospitable.

Beliefs
Ibans practice Christianity now, but they still believe in their traditions and the spiritual connection to the rainforest. The presence of their tribal identity and heritage still remain strong till now

Traditional Costumes & Dances
The traditional costume for woman consist of a vest-like top beaded with multiple colours, accessorize with silver necklace, bracelets and anklets , and a silver headdress called sugu
tinggi. The traditional costumes for male consist of just a piece of long cloth wrapped around their waist, and a headdress decorated with colourful feathers. They will wear these traditional
costume and dance during festive seasons.

Their dance is called “Ngajat dance”, which emphasize on their body movements and they uses their tribal musical instruments to give music and rhythm to their dance moves. The dance moves might seem easy but it is actually very difficult to coordinate the movements of your body with the music. This dance is traditionally performed by males only during their return from battles but not anymore.

Craftsmanship
The Iban are recognised for their traditional weaving skills, called “Pua Kumbu”, as well as their beadwork, silver and wood carvings.

The tattoos are also a unique form of art that Iban has as it symbolises the bravery of the Iban warriors.

Longhouse
Majority of the Ibans still preferred longhouses to towns or individual houses. These
longhouses are mainly located near a main river surrounded by the rainforest. It is a house made from bamboo and tree bark, comprising many rooms which can accommodate quite a few numbers of families.

An interior of a longhouse:

Traditions
Few centuries ago, Iban used to practice head hunting - having the enemy’s head taken down. The skulls of the enemy will be cleaned and hanged in their houses to prove their braveness. If an Iban do not have this courage, he is not considered eligible for marriage. However this tradition has extinct because itis illegal to kill.
Iban are also renowned for its blowpipe, which is a weapon for them to hunt animals from far. The blowpiping requires skills and accuracy which is trained for many years.